Kalimat langsung (Direct Speech) adalah kalimat yang bilamana reported speech menyatakan kata-kata yang sebenarnya. Kalimat-kalimat tersebut tidak dihubungkan oleh “that” melainkan harus dengan (tanda baca) koma.
Kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) adalah kalimat yang bilamana reported speech memberikan isi pokok kata-kata yang dipakai oleh si pembicara dan bukan kata-kata yang sebenarnya. Dalam indirect speech kalimat-kalimat itu dihubungkan dengan kata “that”. Bentuk waktu reporting verb tidak diubah, akan tetapi bentuk waktu reported speech harus diubah berdasarkan bentuk waktu reporting verb.
PENJELASAN
Untuk lebih memahami perbedaan antara
direct speeh dengan indirect speech dapat dilihat dari contoh dibawah ini :
• He said : “ I am very hungry” (Direct
speech)
• He said that he was very hungry
(Indirect speech)
Catatan :
Dari contoh diatas dapat disimpulkan
bahwa perbedaan antara direct speech dan indirect speech adalah bahwa dalam
direct speech atau kalimat langsung memakai tanda kutip sedangkan dalam
indirect speech atau kalimat tidak langsung tanda kutip tidak dipakai.
Direct dan Indirect speech dapat dibagi
dalam 3 bagian :
1. Command (Perintah)
2. Statement (Pernyataan)
3. Question (Pertanyaan)
Penjelasan Tentang Statement
STATEMENT(Pernyataan)
Dalam indirect statement, “that”
digunakan sebagai penghubung antar kalimat pengantar dan kata-kata yang
dilaporkan (reported speech)
Kalimat pengantar dalam statement :
He said
+that+reported words
He told me
Contoh-contoh :
• Direct : He said, “Adi is ill”
Indirect : He said that adi was ill
• Direct : She told me, “I am studying
English now”
Indirect : she told me that she was
studying English now
• Direct : Rina said, “he will work
hard”
Indirect : Rina said that he would work
hard
Catatan:
Ada beberapa perubahan perubahan dari
Direct ke Indirect Speech
1. To be and Auxiliries
2. Time and Place
3. Tenses
Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect
Speech :
1.
To be & Auxiliary Verbs
Direct
Indirect
Am/is/are
-
was/were
Shall/will
- should/would
Can
- could
May
- might
Must
Have/has
to
- had
to
Ought
to
2.
Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat)
Direct
Indirect
now
- then
tomorrow
- the following day
next
week
- the following
week
tonight
- that night
today
- that day
yesterday
- the day before
last
night
- the night before
last
week
- the week before,
the precious week
here
- there
this
- that
these
- those
3.
Tenses
Direct
Indirect
Simple
present
- simple past
Simple
past
- past perfect
Present
perfect
Present
continous
- past continous
Present
perfect continous - past
perfect continous
Simple
future
- past future
EXERCISE
1 .Robby says: “I have taken a bath”
A.Robby Said that he
had taken a bath.
B. Robby Said that he has taken a bath.
C. Robby Said that he have taken a bath.
Pembahasan:
Karena have adalah V1 maka kita harus menggunakan pola
perubahan yang pertama: mengganti kata yang jatuh setelah subjek:
V1 –> V2 yakni have –>had. Perubahan yang sebenarnya
terjadi adalah Present Perfect tense –> Past Perfect tense.
2.Rasyid asks me: “did you come to school yesterday?”
A. Rasyid asked me if I had to come school the day before.
B.Rasyid asked me if
I had come to school the day before.
C. Rasyid asked me if I has comes to school the day before.
Pembahasan:
V2 –> Past perfect. Perubahan yang terjadi sebenarnya
adalah dari Simple Past tense menjadi Past Perfect tense.
3. Gafur says: ” I will have finished my duty in the end of
this month”
A. Gafur said that he whose have finished his duty in the
end of this month.
B. Gafur said that he would has finished his duty in the end
of this month.
C.Gafur said that he
would have finished his duty in the end of this month.
Pembahasan:
Pola yang kita gunakan adalah yang pertama karena will
adalah V 1:
V1 (will) –> V2 (would). Perubahan yang terjadi adalah
future perfect tense menjadi Past future perfect tense. Tapi sekali lagi kita
tidak perlu menghafalkannya, cukup memahami pola prinsip yang saya tulis di
atas.
4. Did they eat out together yesterday?
A. He asked me if they had eaten out together yesterday.
B. He asked me if
they had eaten out together the day before.
C. He asked me if they has eaten out together the day
before.
Pembahasan:
Direct speech berupa yes-no question dengan time reference
“yesterday”. Time reference perlu diubah menjadi “the day before” atau” the
previous day”.
5. Don’t turn off the light now.
A. He told me don't turn off the light at that time.
B. He told me not to
turn off the light at that time.
C. He told me didn't turn off the light at that time.
Pembahasan:
Verb menjadi infinitive pada reporting commands (perintah).
6. What’s your passion?
A. She wanted to know what is my passion.
B. She wanted to know what was my passion.
C. She wanted to know
what my passion was.
Pembahasan:
Direct speech berupa wh- question (information request)
–> pindahkan verb ke belakang subject (word order).
7. I begin to understand the concept of biodiversity.
A. He asked me that he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.
B. He wanted to know if he began to understand the concept
of Biodiversity.
C. He said that he
began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.
Pembahasan:
Direct speech berupa statement (pernyataan) dengan verb
simple present tense. Verb diubah menjadi simple past tense (penyampai berita
fokus pada fakta bahwa pembicaraan merupakan past conversation).
8.The teacher asked the lazy students…..the English classes
A.How often he had
attended
B.That he attended
C.When had he attended1 .Robby says: “I have taken a bath”
Pembahasan :
Jawaban How often he had attended karenapertanyaan
menyatakan intensitasmurid yang malas tersebut menghindari kelas pelajaran
bahasa inggris
9. Your friend has just left.
A. He told me that your friend had just left.
B. He told me that my friend has just left.
C. He told me that my
friend had just left.
Pembahasan:
Verb present perfect tense disesuaikan menjadi past perfect
tense.
10. Can I borrow your pencil for a moment?
A. She asked me if she can borrow my pencil for a moment.
B. She asked me whether she can borrow my pencil for a
moment.
C. She asked me
whether she could borrow my pencil for a moment.
Pembahasan:
Modal verb “can” (present) disesuakan menjadi “could”
(past).
11. Why are you staring at my feet?
A. He asked her why she is staring at his feet.
B. He asked her why
she was staring at his feet.
C. He asked her why was she staring at his feet.
Pembahasan:
Verb present continuous tense pada direct speech menjadi
past continuous tense pada reported speech.
12. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
A. He said that the sun rose in the east and set in the
west.
B. He said that the
sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
C. He asked if the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Pembahasan:
Verb tidak berubah (menjadi past) karena pernyataan berupa
general truth.
13. I’m going to meet my penpal for the first time tomorrow.
A. She said she was
going to meet her penpal for the first time the next day.
B. She said she was going to meet my penpal for the first
time tomorrow.
C. She said she was going to meet her penpal for the first
time tomorrow.
Pembahasan:
Time reference “tomorrow” disesuaikan menjadi “the next day”
atau “the following day”.
14. We have been here for a week.
A. They said they had
been there for a week.
B. They said they had been here for a week.
C. They said we had been there for a week.
Pembahasan:
“Here” pada direct speech diubah menjadi “there”.
15. Beckham : Did
you know what Fingo said yesterday?
Raul : Of
course. He said ____ the previous day.
A. had gone to his
country
B. he has gone to his country
C. he will go to his country
Pembahasan :
( kalau kalimat langsung/direct simple past,
indirect/tdk langsung harus
past perfect)
16. Teacher : Why
was Mary absent yesterday?
Jenifer : What did
the teacher want to know, Ferdy?
Ferdy : he wanted
to know ____
A. if Mary was absent
B. why Mary was absent
C. . why Mary had been absent
Pembahasan:
(direct berbentuk
Wh-question bentuk past tense jadi indirec berbentuk
past perfect)
17. Mother : Don’t be so noisy, Herman. The baby is
sleeping.
Herman : Okay, mom.
Rudy : What did
your mother just told you?
Herman : She told me
___ because the baby was sleeping.
A. I wasn’t so noisy
B. not to be so
noisy
C. don’t be noisy
Pembahasan:
B (direct: don’t + be
maka indirect: not + to be)
18. Doctor : Open your mouth!
Mother : What did the doctor tell you?
Son : The doctor told me ____
A. that I open his
mouth
B. if I opened my
mouth
C. to open my mouth
Pembahasan :
(direct: V1 + O maka direct: to V1 + O)\
19. Mother : Do you
want meatballs or fried chicken?
Mother asked me ____
A. whether I wanted
meatball or fried shicken
B. whether I want meatball or fried chicken
C. that I wanted meatball or fried chicken
Pembahasan:
A (direct: do/does +
S +V1 maka indirect: if/whether + S + V2)
20. I begin to understand the concept of biodiversity.”
A.He wanted to
know if he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.
B.He asked me that
he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.
C.He said that he
began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.
Pembahasan:
Direct speech berupa statement (pernyataan) dengan verb
simple present tense. Verb diubah menjadi simple past tense (penyampai berita
fokus pada fakta bahwa pembicaraan merupakan past conversation).
